Property for sale in Marbella, Costa del Sol

Located in a secure and prestigious area in one of the most sought after and up market urbanizations in Marbella, less than 5 minutes drive to Marbella´s best beaches and beach restaurants and less than 10 minutes drive to Marbella center and all its amenities and nearby renowned golf courses. Enclosed complex of 2 & 3 bedroom apartments, in a privileged location, with large terraces and impressive sea views. The development is a unique project, whose special design makes it perfectly integrated into its natural environment, where you will find an excellent communal area with landscaped spaces, swimming pool, gym, pool bar, spa, and co-working space. Attractive apartments with balanced layouts and open areas that have been equipped with first-rate quality materials. In addition, the building license for the project has been granted.

This new development features a collection of modern apartments and penthouses situated in an elevated location, surrounded by stunning natural scenery and offering breathtaking sea views. Conveniently located just a 5-minute drive from both local amenities and the beach, and only 15 minutes away from Marbella, with Malaga airport just a 20-minute drive away. The development comprises of 72 homes with 2 and 3 bedrooms. Each property boasts a south or southwest orientation, with most homes enjoying sea views. All residences come with at least one parking space and a storage room included. The complex also boasts excellent garden areas, a community pool, gym, and social-gourmet room, providing the perfect space to relax and unwind. The urban, exclusive and functional design of these homes is complemented by top-quality finishes and fittings throughout. Residents can enjoy a large and sunny outdoor community pool for adults with saline chlorination and a night lighting system, a fully equipped gym, social-gourmet room, and toilets. Wi-Fi is also available in the social-gourmet room for added convenience.

Located close to the elegant Arqueros Golf club which offers services and exclusive installations to the residents, that include a restaurant, bar and a fully equipped gymnasium, the tennis and paddle court are set in landscaped gardens. This area is the perfect place to enjoy all aspects of a luxury lifestyle on the Costa del Sol with restaurants, shops and golf courses close by. Puerto Banús with all its amenities, bars, restaurants and beach clubs is only 10 minutes away by car. In 15 minutes you will be in Marbella downtown. This development is an innovative and fully customized project with 3 to 5 bedrooms, it has a modern style glass lift, a private swimming pool, a spectacular solarium and a garage which has space for up to 4 vehicles. These villas offer an open-plan designed kitchen and social area on the ground floor with large terraces for outside living. On the first floor there are 3 bedrooms with private balconies. The roof top has an extensive area to enjoy the stunning panoramic views. Abundant natural light enters the basement, due to strategically placed windows. The current floor plans of the basement offer 2 bedrooms and a large cinema room which may be altered and personalized, to suit your requirements. This exclusive development is comprised of 6 twin villas. The villas benefit from abundant natural light throughout the day, while the floor- to- ceiling windows allow one to enjoy the wonderful views of the Mediterranean Sea and stunning landscapes, which create a peaceful and harmonious environment. All villas enjoy air conditioning, jacuzzi and BBQ in the solarium, underfloor heating system, ensuite bedrooms and infinity pool.

This villa is located in Mijas Golf, which has become one of the most popular golf resorts in Europe, known for the excellent condition of its courses, the pleasant atmosphere, and the outstanding service provided to customers. The courses, Los Lagos and Los Olivos, are located in the Mijas Valley, north of Fuengirola, just twenty minutes from Málaga International Airport and Marbella, and 3.5 km from the sea. Nestled in the charming and tranquil residential area of Lomas de Mijas, the villa offers a luxurious retreat with breathtaking views of the Mediterranean Sea. This stunning property is located just a short distance from Mijas Pueblo, a picturesque Andalusian village rich in cultural heritage. The villa features spacious interiors, natural light filling every corner, and panoramic views that blend seamlessly with the landscape. With four en-suite bedrooms, large windows, and the possibility of customizing every detail, this property is a perfect reflection of those who seek something truly exceptional. THE VILLA HAS BEEN BUILT ON TWO LEVELS, WITH THE FOLLOWING LAYOUT: GROUND FLOOR: Spacious living-dining area connected to the open-plan, fully fitted kitchen with Miele appliances and direct access to a private terrace. One en-suite bedroom with access to its own private covered terrace. The villa also boasts a large garden area with fruit trees surrounding the infinity pool. Additionally, there is a covered garage for two cars on this floor. TOP FLOOR: Three en-suite bedrooms with walk-in closets and direct access to their own private terraces. BASEMENT: When the client opts for a house with a basement, this floor will be open-plan (‘diaphanous’), except for the space designated as a garage (if desired), the interior access staircase, a toilet, and the technical room, all of which will be completed. The basement will have the necessary installations for electricity, water, and natural ventilation. The basement garage will be fitted with a sectional door with remote control for opening.

Located first line beach and with walking distance to beach restaurants. Within a few minutes’ drive to local amenities like supermarkets, golf courses and the centre of Estepona. This gated, 24 hour secured luxury beach complex is designed in a Moorish style with landscaped gardens, water features, gym and an outdoor pool. Fantastic south facing 2 bedroom ground floor apartment consists of a living-dining room with open fire place that leads to the large terrace with views to the gardens, pool and the sea. Fully fitted and equipped kitchen and an underground parking space.

This exclusive renewed development is located between the seaside towns of Estepona and Sotogrande on the western coast of the Costa del Sol. At walking distance of the Golf Clubhouse and a 5 star hotel, golf and Spa. 2 kms to the beach and close to the "La Duquesa" yacht harbor with all its amenities. Close to Finca Cortesín, considered one of the best Resort Hotels in Europe. The urbanization is surrounded by two Golf courses, Casares Costa and Club Finca Cortesín, where you can also enjoy leisure and restaurant areas. New residential project of 43 units with different typologies and exclusive distributions. Made up of five blocks with a communal swimming pool and landscaped green areas. Each unit has a parking space and storage room. Within the macro community there is a golf course, a gymnasium and a restaurant open all year round. Residential area with private security. Created with care and attention to detail, top quality materials, energy efficient homes and abundant natural light. All units come with fully fitted kitchens and complete bathrooms. They are available in different typologies such as ground floors with private gardens, raised ground floors, duplexes and penthouses. The magic of this development is that each unit is unique. They have been designed so that each one is exclusive with its own intelligent layout. .

This exclusive development is located in "La Alcaidesa", a privileged area just 15 minutes’ drive from Gibraltar, 10 minutes to Sotogrande, 60 minutes from Malaga airport and 30 minutes from Marbella. A clear Andalusian style, with excellent qualities, luxury apartments in a location that provides all the services you need to enjoy life. With two golf courses, Alcaidesa is the perfect choice for golf lovers. The location of the complex is magnificent, surrounded by La Hacienda Golf, recognized as Spain's best golf course at the World Golf Awards 2023, very close to the beach, in a quiet environment, the most desirable place to live away from disturbing noises and crowds. New residential front line golf complex set within the exclusive La Alcaidesa Golf Course in El Campo de Gibraltar. The development has 55 homes, with 2, 3 and 4 bedroom options. All the apartments include a garage and a storage room in the basement. The communal areas include garden spaces, a swimming pool, gastro bar and parking for buggies. For greater security and privacy, the residential complex is completely closed and fenced. In addition, the homes are equipped with air conditioning and a fully fitted and equipped kitchen with all the appliances. All homes have large terraces with views of the La Alcaidesa Golf course and the sea, so you can enjoy the natural environment outdoors in your own home.

Strategically located twenty minutes from Marbella and Málaga city, this complex has unbeatable connections. Just 10 minutes from the Costa del Sol International airport. It is connected to the main attractions and facilities in the area, with direct entrance and exit from the A7 dual carriageway and the AP-7 motorway. Moreover, the beach is a two-minute walk away along with an 7 km seafront promenade beside the Mediterranean. Within easy reach of public and private hospitals, just 2 minutes from the Carvajal train station, from which trains can be caught to the centre of Fuengirola or Málaga city centre, where you can connect to the metro or AVE high-speed railway at María Zambrano train station. The complex has 7 magnificent detached villas of 5 bedrooms with surfaces between 496 m2 and 542 m2. The distribution of the properties is unbeatable, divided into two floors plus basement, with 5 large exterior bedrooms, 4 complete bathrooms plus toilet and open plan living-dining room with access to the garden and swimming pool from where you can enjoy marvellous views of the sea. The basement has a cinema room, games room or gym, laundry area, staff quarters with full bathroom and garage for 3 vehicles.

Located in the well-known urbanization El Limonar, a privileged environment with all kind of services at your reach. Close to city center of Malaga and well connected to the highway which gives access to any point in the city in just a few minutes. Nature, comfort and services in an exclusive and lively area. This luxury residential complex is set in a secure and private environment that embraces all the benefits from a big city and proximity to the beach. The urbanization offers extensive common areas that will captivate you: a large open space with care gardens and a swimming pool with a waterfall overflowing with salt water, an equipped gym, where you can complement your healthy lifestyle, and a gastrotheque, which will facilitate social gatherings. Development of 96 homes with 1, 2, 3 and 4 bedrooms with magnificent terraces, penthouses with solariums and ground-floor apartments with sun terraces, where the outside is introduced through the large windows. All with storage room and garage space. At this complex we are committed to promoting the natural environment with its generous common areas, some spaces that will not leave you indifferent. All the apartments enjoy generous sized terraces up to 200 m2 from where you will enjoy mountain views.

One of the most prestigious residential urbanizations in Europe with 24-hour security and total privacy, and just a few minutes’ drive from San Pedro, Puerto Banus and Marbella. The Country Club La Zagaleta is situated in one of the most beautiful areas of The Costa del Sol, Marbella can be reached within a 15 minute drive, and it is 60 km from Malaga airport by motorway. This exclusive Country Club offers a high level of security and privacy, and numerous private facilities for the exclusive use of La Zagaleta´s Club members and their guests. The member-owners can enjoy for their own exclusive use, two 18-hole private golf courses, one of the best in Spain, which blends into its surroundings and has spectacular views of Gibraltar and the North African coast. Amongst the private facilities members can enjoy, the 5.000 square meter Club House, including a pro-shop, restaurant, bar, swimming pool, billiard room, bridge room, function room, tennis courts etc. Undoubtedly one of the most prestigious Country Clubs in Europe, it also offers an operative heliport recognized by the Civil Aviation Authorities. The plot measures more than 5.000 m2 and boasts amazing private gardens and a delightful infinity swimming-pool. This magnificent villa boasts amazing views of the gardens, the mountain, the valley, the woods and the sea. The southeast facing villas has almost 800 m2 accommodation and has the following layout: The lower level of the house contains a garage for at least 5 cars, machine room, home cinema room, gymnasium and indoor pool with wooden decked surface and direct access to the garden area below to the outdoor swimming-pool area. The ground floor offers an entrance hall, 2 en-suite bedrooms with their own separate dressing rooms, open plan kitchen with cooking island leading to the huge dining-living room with access to the wrapped around decked terraced area and the swimming-pool with its adjacent contemporary style gazebo. On this level you will have three more parking spaces outside the villa. The upper level has three more en-suite bedrooms. Two of them have separate dressing rooms. Main bedroom has direct access to the upstairs terrace.

Located within walking distance of the beach and La Duquesa Harbour, and just a few minutes' drive from all kinds of services and amenities such as restaurants, bars, shops, supermarkets, the port, and golf courses. It is a 10-minute drive to Estepona and 25 minutes to Marbella. The port of Sotogrande is only a 10-minute drive away. This project offers an exclusive collection of nine luxury villas, each with four en-suite bedrooms. These luxurious residences are characterized by their large gardens and private pools, providing owners with a unique living experience in an incomparable environment. Each villa includes two parking spaces, ensuring convenience and ease of access for residents. This four-bedroom independent villa is distributed over two levels, with the following layout: Ground Floor: The ground floor features a spacious entrance hall that leads to the living room, dining area, and a large, modern, open-plan kitchen equipped with high-end appliances and a cooking island. A bedroom with a private bathroom and dressing room is also located on this floor. Additionally, there is a guest toilet and a laundry room, fully equipped with top-quality appliances. The ground floor also includes a side porch, perfect for enjoying the sun. First Floor: On this level, you will find three full en-suite bedrooms, each with its own dressing room, ensuring maximum privacy. One of the bedrooms has direct access to a small terrace.

Nestled between the exclusive ports of Puerto de la Duquesa and Sotogrande, these villas offer stunning sea and golf views just 25 minutes from Marbella and 15 minutes from Estepona. With easy access to Gibraltar and Málaga airports, international schools, top healthcare, luxury marinas, and world-class golf courses, this peaceful area combines natural beauty with excellent connectivity. Enjoy calm beaches, sunny weather year-round, and vibrant nearby amenities, the perfect balance of tranquility and convenience. Discover this exceptional new development of 11 contemporary luxury villas, each designed to offer the highest standard of comfort, privacy, and lifestyle. Every villa features 4 spacious bedrooms and 4 elegant bathrooms, along with expansive interiors that flow seamlessly into generous private terraces with large swimming pools. Enjoy breathtaking panoramic views of the Mediterranean Sea and lush golf courses, just minutes from a vibrant commercial center with a wide variety of restaurants, cafés, supermarkets, and essential services. This is more than just a residential development, it's a lifestyle concept that brings together sophistication, nature, and wellbeing in perfect harmony. Live Fully. Live Beautifully. • Privacy and Tranquility Designed for those who value peace and discretion, each villa offers a secluded sanctuary where you can enjoy life to the fullest, whether alone, with family, or entertaining guests in an exclusive and serene setting. • Social Connection in Style The thoughtfully designed indoor and outdoor spaces are perfect for hosting and connecting with others. Whether it's an intimate gathering on the terrace or a vibrant soirée under the stars, these villas provide the ideal backdrop for a social yet private lifestyle. • Privileged Location Nestled in an enviable position, the villas enjoy uninterrupted views of the sea and golf, while being just a short drive from pristine beaches and prestigious marinas. The coastal ambiance blends seamlessly with the architectural elegance of each home. • Mediterranean Climate & Outdoor Living Take advantage of the region’s mild climate and abundant sunshine year-round, perfect for enjoying outdoor dining, swimming, sunbathing, and a variety of open-air activities. The outdoor spaces are designed to enhance your lifestyle and well-being. • Holistic Wellbeing Breathe deeply, in every sense. These homes are designed to promote a feeling of peace and wellness, combining natural materials, open layouts, and lush green surroundings. • Perfectly Connected Despite the privacy, you're always close to everything. With easy access to the city, international schools, world-class golf courses, leisure marinas, and tourist landmarks, your villa is both a peaceful retreat and a gateway to everything the Costa del Sol has to offer.

Nestled in the heart of La Carihuela, Torremolinos' most iconic seaside neighborhood, this new residential complex combines contemporary design with the charm of coastal living. The architecture showcases symmetry and harmony, both in its striking façade and thoughtfully designed interiors. Living here means being steps away from La Carihuela Beach, renowned for its golden sands and calm waters. The vibrant promenade is lined with traditional chiringuitos offering the area's famous fried fish, as well as a variety of shops, cafes, and beach clubs. The neighborhood retains its authentic Andalusian charm, with narrow lanes and a rich fishing heritage. Just 15 minutes from Málaga city center, Famous "Parque de la Batería" can be reached in only 5 minutes' walk and the beach and harbor in only 3 minutes, Exclusive, modern, and contemporary luxury new-build residential project where quality of life blends seamlessly with the beauty of the surroundings. This project is designed to take full advantage of the excellent climate, stunning views, and exceptional natural light of the Costa del Sol. The 2- and 3-bedroom apartments feature spacious terraces and floor-to-ceiling windows that allow you to savor the beautiful sea views and enjoy abundant sunlight in the open-plan living areas. The living areas open directly onto a large terrace where you can enjoy the Mediterranean climate, breathtaking views, attractive gardens, and a large communal swimming pool year-round. The development also offers the option to install a Jacuzzi, outdoor kitchens, and more on the spacious terraces. The construction is sustainable, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly in every aspect. The layout and orientation are designed to maximize natural light, ventilation, and space, creating homes that offer lasting comfort and quality of life. Personalization is also available, not only for the design elements but also for added spaces and optional extras to meet your specific needs and desires. Design your ideal kitchen (additional cost). The use of the finest materials, and natural colors are hallmarks of the quality and integrity of this development.

New modern complex set on an elevated position with outstanding views of the Mediterranean and the Mijas mountains. Located between Malaga and Marbella. 15 minutes from Mijas Costa and Fuengirola and 20 minutes by car from Malaga airport. La Cala de Mijas is only 5 minutes by car and Marbella 20 minutes. Located is in a privileged location, less than 10 minutes from the beaches, with easy access and excellent communications. At 800 meters is developed the new great Park of the Costa del Sol, a green lung with large gardens and a wide range of leisure and entertainment with an outdoor amphitheater, a running track, a bike path, skating, skate park, a navigable lake and climbing wall. In its common areas we find a swimming pool in the central area with a chillout area, designed to enjoy and relax. It also has a gym, a social club and barbecue area and picnic areas for meetings and celebrations with friends or family. All surrounded by more than 13,000 m2 of gardens that invite you to disconnect. Modern residential complex of 75 new homes in Mijas, designed to enjoy a warm and balanced lifestyle. A project surrounded by nature, with incredible sea and mountain views and with common areas designed for relaxation, entertainment, sports and wellness. The residential complex consists of 2 and 3-bedroom apartments with incredible terraces of up to 100 m2 and first floors with gardens. All rooms have been designed to create relaxing environments, with an unbeatable orientation to maximize the views of the Mediterranean Sea and natural lighting and ventilation. The kitchens come equipped with appliances including: an induction hob, refrigerator, washing machine, dishwasher, extractor hood, oven and microwave. Garage and storage room included in the price.

This development is situated on a plot of land located in the sector of El Hacho in Manilva, in the vicinity of Puerto de la Duquesa and adjacent to the Duquesa and adjacent to the prestigious golf course of the same name. Strategically located between the town of Manilva and the charming coastal area of San Luis de Sabinillas, this location offers numerous advantages. Only 10 km from the center of Estepona and 40 km from the luxurious Marbella, this development enjoys a privileged location that allows for easy access to these neuralgic centers of the Costa del Sol. In addition, the exclusive Sotogrande urbanization is only 8 km away. The nearby international airports are: the Costa del Sol airport in Malaga at 1 hour and a half and Gibraltar at 40 minutes. Access to our project is easy and direct, as it is located just 600 meters from the the exit of the N-340 highway N-340. The common areas of the project are designed to provide comfort and luxury, with landscaped areas that will allow you to connect with nature, a swimming pool with a relaxing beach of sun loungers a relaxing beach of sun loungers and a gastroteca that will become the perfect place to socialize and enjoy special moments. This is a place where comfort and quality of life come together to create an exceptional atmosphere. This innovative real estate project consists of 60 multi-family dwellings, offering 2 and 3-bedroom apartments, all equipped with garage and storage room in the basement. The blocks are distributed in first floor, 2 floors and attic, ensuring a variety of housing typologies to suit your needs. Each home stands out for its spacious terraces, providing outdoor spaces ideal for relaxing and enjoying ideal for relaxing and enjoying the panoramic views of the golf course that will give you a sense of serenity and wellbeing.

The complex is set in an area only 20 minutes away from Marbella and 10 minutes away from La Cala de Mijas. Many facilities are offered, such as: restaurants, golf club, hotels and spa. Completely surrounded by golf courses, La Cala Golf is officially recognised by the Royal Spanish Golf Federation as the largest golf complex in the country. Less than 35 minutes from Malaga airport. Boutique development of 16 tastefully styled and beautiful finished apartments and penthouses with 2 and 3 bedrooms overlooking the golf valley of La Cala with spectacular 180-degree views of the sea and golf. The apartments have a contemporary design and are built to the highest quality standards. Almost all units have a private pool or jacuzzi. The penthouses and ground floor flats also enjoy larger terraces. In the basement of the building, there is one parking space and one storage room per unit. To maintain your fitness routine, the complex offers an area where you can do cardiovascular or muscle-building activities and continue with your daily physical workout habits. The room is equipped with state-of-the-art machines, complete body-building equipment, and everything you need to tone your body or de-stress. Adjacent to the fitness room stands an endless pool fitness system. With ease, move from swimming to running, walking to resistance low-impact exercises, or relax in our sculpted spa seats. An hydrotherapy retreat to help rejuvenate the body after a workout. Tastefully laid out and beautifully landscaped offers intimate, elegantly designed and exceptional communal spaces. It also features an outdoor infinity pool, sits adjacent to a well-appointed sun deck with comfortable loungers, pergolas with relaxing seating areas and a kitchen zone with barbecue facilities. At this development you can enjoy the option of a flexibly tailored range of concierge services for which we have become renowned. Far more than a mere apartment, your serviced property is a lifestyle expression!

This off plan golf development is located within 18 hectares of lush, green parkland and woodland, just on the edge of the La Reserva de Sotogrande community. There are five 18-hole golf courses in Sotogrande including Valderrama, ranked Europe’s number 1 course since the 1980s. This beautiful complex combines contemporary homes with state-of-the-art facilities, in a natural setting, to create a community like no other. Wonderful communal spaces and amenities include three pool areas, a large family fun pool with a sandy bottom, A residents café and garden terrace, An indoor pool, gym and spa area, a bar and outdoor cinema area, a criquet lawn and tennis courts, a jogging trail and green pedestrian promenade, an outdoor gym, a mini-market and an exclusive access to the wonderful La Reserva Club, with its golf, tennis, health & wellness. Our contemporary 2, 3 and 4 bedroom apartments plus 3 bedroom penthouses offer the ultimate in modern open plan living. They are flooded with light and boast incredible dual aspect or wrap-around terraces to enjoy the warm Spanish sun. With a total area of between 181 and 524 m2, these generously proportioned apartments include underfloor heating and Aerothermal air-conditioning systems, plus the latest Italian bathroom fittings and luxury branded kitchens. The modern, sleek interiors blend seamlessly into the wonderful terraces, perfect for al-fresco dining and relaxation. All properties come with 2 private garage spaces and spacious storerooms.

Within easy walking distance to the golf club, Its strategic location places it very close to a wide range of services, but still maintaining the desirable privacy. Its innovative Valle Romano golf course is a guarantee of entertainment and quality of life. The area west of Estepona is without doubt where the most exceptional projects are concentrated at present. Residential complex with a contemporary and modern design, which has a total of 135 homes with 1, 2 and 3 bedrooms located next to Valle Romano Golf Club in Estepona and set on a very first-line golf. The privileged south orientation has allowed us to design bright homes that make the most of the hours of natural light. Highlights include the ground-floor homes with beautiful gardens and the penthouses with a solarium, ideal for enjoying the sun and the incomparable sunsets of Estepona. This residential complex is completed with spectacular communal areas consisting of a swimming pool with a solarium, a gym, and gardens with native species that convey the beauty of living in a unique place like Estepona. All of this is integrated into a closed area to guarantee the security and privacy of its neighbors.

Located in the heart of the New Golden Mile between Marbella and Estepona and close to several well-known golf courses. Walking distance to amenities and the golf club that offers a restaurant, bar, spa and fully equipped gym, indoor heated pool and paddle tennis court. Just 10 minutes drive to either Marbella or Estepona. The surrounding area is also home to various golf clubs - El Paraíso, Atalaya and Guadalmina- as well as shopping centres with all kinds of services. With a contemporary vision, this complex projects itself as an exclusive residential complex of 15 spacious townhouses and semi-detached homes, with boutique-style amenities - a fully equipped gym, spa and outdoor swimming pool - enjoying spectacular panoramic views. All homes boast underground parking for 2 cars, private gardens, large terraces, spacious solariums and generous basements, ideal for year-round entertaining with family and friends. Completely open spaces on the ground floor, seamlessly integrating indoors and outdoors, provide rooms that shine with their own light. Each home features 4 bedrooms, all of them with large picture windows that open to the outside, allowing the rooms to be flooded with natural light. Spectacular solariums provide the perfect setting to make the most of the balmy Mediterranean weather.

The houses are located just 20 minutes from the international airport in Malaga and 20 minutes from Marbella. Beautiful views of the valleys of Mijas Golf and of Fuengirola. Designed to be enjoyed all year round, these modern houses feature open spaces, big sliding glass doors, and a functional layout with up to 5 bedrooms. The terrace, garden and infinity pool are elegantly integrated, matching with the house to create a unique indoor-outdoor space. All the windows and glass doors come with high-quality aluminum frames and have triple-glazed glass, blocking UV rays in the summer and isolating the house from cold during the winter. The modern sand-colored tile floor stretches throughout the entire house and extends out onto the terrace. The floor can be heated to ensure a healthy and comfortable indoor environment all year round. Only selected materials throughout the house are used. The houses are floored completely with sand-colored tiles and custom carpentry. The bathrooms feature wooden cabinets, sinks carved from local stone, and Grohe sanitary fittings. The Nordic design kitchen blends white cabinets, local stone countertops and modern fully-integrated AEG appliances for a minimalistic and warm expression.